Chapter 39 # 2-4

2. Gorvachev believed that the only way to solve problems was to talk freely about them. After he introduced his new policy of glasnost, he indicated that the Soviet union would no longer use troops and tanks to support Communist government.

3. The hard liners took control of the government because the Soviet Empire was breaking up and they didn't want that to happen.

4. No, I think that communism will always be with Russia because were the ones who started the wars, so they will always fight for communism.

Russia slowly changed after trouble with the Soviet Union. For the first time Russia's head of the state had been chosen by the people. Soon the breakup of the Soviet Union happened. The military and secret police arranged a coup or forced to take over the government. They place Gorbachev under house arrest and vowed to rebuild the Communist state. There was a growth in independence and the spirit of nationalism. For many years the Communist governments had control of prices, wages, and the production of foods. The people were also willing to endure the economic hardships.

understanding main ideas #1-6

1. To rebuild the Western Europe after World War II they started a loan program. It was named the Marshall Plan and under it factories were rebuilt, coal mines were reopened, and road repairs.

2. The Soviet Union closed off Berlin because they it would hoped it would force the Western powers to leave the city.

3. Castro launched an unsuccessful revolution in cuba against dictator Flugencio Batista. Then in 1959 Castro tried and finally succeeded. He promised his people free elections and social and economic reforms in Cuba but didn't follow through.

4. He ordered the Cultural Revolution because he feared that the Chinese had lost their revolutionary spirit. So he carried out purges or removals of undesirable members of the communist party. He also purged the country's intellectuals.

5. One million Chinese people, mostly students stood out in the square for seven weeks and demanded democracy.

6. African Americans now are facing farming problems, food shortages, and children aren't receiving education.

2. The formed the European nations because they wanted to remove trade barriers and sell goods to other nations without having to pay a tariff.

3. They hoped that it would force the western powers to leave the city.

4. Castro promised free elections and social and economic reforms in Cuba. He lost their support because he did not follow threw on his promises.

5. I would be have been with the war because it helped save lives.

Chapter 37 Understanding Main Ideas 1-6

1. Nationalism contributed to World War 1 because there was tension grew between several countries. France was jealous of Germany because it was industrializing rapidly. Great Britain did not like Germany expanding its army, and Russia involved itself with the problems of the Slavic peoples. A war then broke out between the countries.

2. European Allied leaders wanted a peace plan that would allow all nations to keep the peace.

3. In 1929 the Great Depression happened. Factories closed and millions of people lost their jobs.

4. The British and France were afraid of another was so they decided to follow a policy of appeasement.

5. Some Major events that led to the defeat of Germany in World War 2 was the attack of Pearl Harbor, the Japanese made conquests with Asia and took over much of China and Southeast Asia. Germanys forces overran most of Western Europe except for Great Britain. Hitler then tried to bomb the British into surrendering.

6. United Nations formed because it was to prevent war, lend money to poor countries, and provide them with medical care and better education.

understanding main ideas 1-8

1. The main reasons for the rise of imperialism was the Industrial Revolution, factory owners had become rich, there was a growing demand for tea, sugar, and coco. Also, nationalism and the belief that western countries had the duty to civilize.

2. Europeans got Colonial territory by signing a treaty and giving them cloth and guns.

3. Settlers moved to Transvaal because there was gold and diamonds were discovered.

4. The British took over India because the had lost the seven years war.

5. The open door policy was so everyone would have equal training rights in China.

6. Perry went over to negotiate a treaty to open up trade and to protect shipwrecked American sailors.

7. The United States was interested in Latin America because newly independent countries were weak so there was interference with other countries.

8. Nationalism increased in the colonies because more power was being added to the country. Newly formed countries of Italy and Germany wanted to catch up to Great Britain, France, and other established colonial powers.

Effects of Imperialism paragraph

      There were many effects of imperialism, one was that new governments were set up. Local wars stopped, and industry, agriculture, and transportation were developed. Schools and hospitals were built and sanitation was improved. Imperialism also brought bitter feeling between colonists. They were often not allowed in city areas where Europeans and North Americans lived. Colonists blamed colonial powers for the loss of their land. They disliked colonial powers for trying to change their language, customs, and religions. The scramble for colonies led to the great deal competition among colonial powers. This led to disputes that caused future wars.

1-6 understanding main ideas

1. They were hoping to crush revolutionary ideas.

2. They created jobs for thousands of people.

3. He promised that if Austrians ever attacked Sardinia he would help them.

4. Bismark hoped that by declaring war they would become closer together.

5. Some results were Napoleon III's empire died and The Third Republic started.

6. Groups in Austria were unhappy in the 1860s because they didn't like the idea of separate countries.