Mycenaeans

Pg. 161
# 6-8

6) Instead of building cities they built fortress- palaces on hill tops.
7) The Trojan war was thought over by a women.  The wife of the king of the Mycenaeans, Helen. The king of Troy who had a son named Paris who fell in love with Helen. Her husband then got made and it stared the Trojan war.
8) The people of greece had to create a new civilization because they were taken over by the Dorians.

The Chaldeans

Section 2: The Chaldeans
1) The Chaldeans were also know as?
• Babylonians
2) Who was their most important king and what did he build?
• Nebuchadnezzar built a beautiful street near the palace. It was paved with limestone and marble and lined by walls of blue glazed tile. Each spring, thousands of pilgrims crowded into Babylon to watch a gold statue of the god Marduk being wheeled along this street
3) Discuss the organization of a Chaldean city.
• Had huge brick walls that encircled the city; the walls were so wide that two chariots could pass on the road on top
• There were towers built into the walls
• He center of the city was where the kings palace was
• Outside the center of Babylon stood houses, marketplaces, and caverns
4) Babylon was a center of science what are some things it passed on?
• They passed on astronomy
• They were the first to have a 7 day week

The Persians

1) Who are the modern Persians?  Find a map and copy it to your blog.
The modern day Persians were the Iranians.

2) What did Cyrus do to make the Persian Empire grow?
Cyrus organized an army to conquer new territory, hundreds and thousands joined the army.

3) How did the Persians differ from the Assyrians?
The Persians lived on high plains between the Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. They divided most of their country into large farms owned by nobles. Nobles spent their days riding horses and practicing archery. Their farms were worked by laborers. Farmers depended on the streams that came down from the mountains. They dug underground tunnels from the springs to the fields. The Persian empire was made up of immortals the best fighters When ever one died a soldier would take there place. Persians were governed buy a king who never stood alone. The kings officials settled local quarrels and protected the people from bandits. The Assyrians lived in the upper part of the Tigris River valley. Their rolling hills and rain watered valleys didn't protect them from invaders. Farmers and shepherds had to learn to fight to survive. They built a powerful army that was strong enough to take over cities, trading routes, and fortresses throughout Mesopotamia. They were governed only by a king who spent most of their time fighting battles and punishing enemies.

4) Who was Darius?  What are some things he is remembered for?
Darius was one of the strongest Persian kings. He should be remembered for his military victories. Also he should be remembered for bringing artisans form all over to build a grand palace-fortress- treasury in the capital city in of Persepolis.

5) Where do coins come from?
Coins were invented by the Lydians and the Persians spread their use.

6) Discuss Zoroaster and Zoroasterism (what did they believe?)
Zoroaster was a religious leader and he told the Persians about believing in two gods. The god of wisdom and the god of evil.

7) What was the Persian view of trade?
The Persians believed that they should be warriors, farmers, or shepherds. They refused to become traders because they thought it forced you to lie, cheat, and be greedy. They did encourage trade to the people they conquer.

The Hebrews

1)   Where did the Hebrews come from?  (What area or city)
The Hebrews came from the ancient Middle East.

2)   Who were the Hebrews descendant from? (What person)
The Hebrews are descendants from Abraham.

3)   What are the Ten Commandments (List them).
1) You should only believe in Yahweh.
2) The people should not worship any other god.
3) The people could not use his name in vain.
4) Keep the sabbath day holy.
5) Honor the mother and father.
6) Do not murder any one.
7) Do not commit adultery.
8) Do not steal.
9) Do not bear false witness.
10) You shouldn't yearn to have something.

4)   Who was Moses?
Moses was the guy who parted the sea so the Hebrews could cross the Red Sea. Moses lead the Hebrew through their journey, he told them not give up. He lead them all the way to Mount Sinia.

5)   What is the name of the Hebrew God?
The Hebrew God is Yahweh.

6)   What is the idea of social justice?
The Hebrews believed in social justice were everyone had the right to be treated fairly.

7)   What was the promised land?
The promised land was Canaan, there the Hebrews became framers and shepherds.

8)   Who were the great kings of the Hebrews?  What were some things they did?
Saul was the first the king, he ruled for several years. During the end of his reign he lost peoples support. When Saul died in battle David became the new king. David got the Hebrews back together and defeated the Canaanites. David then established Jerusalem, the capital of Hebrew kingdom. He also wrote a lot of sacred songs found in the bible. After David died his son Solomon became king. Solomon brought peace to the Hebrew cities. He built a temple in Jerusalem made out of limestone, cedar wood, and gold. His wisdom and wealth became known all through the Middle East.

9)   Discuss the lifestyle of the Hebrews.
The Hebrews were the first ones to believe in god and they thought everyone should. Their laws were made to teach people how to treat one another fairly.

10)  Compare the Phoenicians to the Hebrews in areas of religion, jobs, places where they lived, organization.
The Phoenicians believed in many gods that were close to nature. They built ships to go travel and trade with other people. They were the only ones willing to go places. They brought the alphabet into our lives. Phoenicians lived in the northern part of Canaan and they also set up ports in Carthage. The buildings in Canaan were close together and the streets were narrow.  Walls covered the streets and on the outside of the walls there was a port where ships docked to unload goods. The Hebrews were very laid back and only believed in one god.  They lived in ancient Middle East. They then settled in Canaan where they built walled cities on hills. There was little water so during the two months of rain season farmers stored water in underground caves. Hebrews lived in one room houses that were divided in two. Hebrews also used laws to influence the way people behaved.

The Assyrians

1) Why did the Assyrians become warriors (think about where they lived)?
They became warriors because they lived by the rolling hills and rain-watered valleys that did not protect them from invaders. So they had to learn to fight to survive, it became their way of life.

2) Discuss how a foot soldier in the Assyrian army might be dressed?
A foot soldier in the Assyrian army were dressed in shields, helmets, spears, and they were armed with daggers.

3) The Assyrians were considered CRUEL, why?  What did they do?
Assyrians were considered cruel because they would take over cities in the middle east, and once they took it over they would burn their city down. They then took away their citizens and goods.

4) Who was Ashurbanipal?  What did he do?
Ashurbanipal was a great assyrian king. He started one of the worlds first libraries, that help 25,000 tablets, hymns, stories, and biographies.

5) Why might have the Assyrian Empire crumbled?

The Assyrian Empire crumbled because their empire became to large to govern. When Ashurbanipal died then other groups came together to end the Assyrian rule. The Chaldeans captured the Assyrian capital and then the Assyrian Empire started to crumble. 

The Phoenicians

1) Where did the Phoenicians live?
The Phoenicians lived in the northern part of Canaan.

2) What were they known for?
The Phoenicians were known for being shipbuilders, traders, and caring on the alphabet.

3) Why did the growth of trade (worldwide) expand under the Phoenicians?
The growth of trade expanded under the Phoenicians because they were willing to go places that no one else wanted to go.

4) What were some ancient Phoenician cities?
Some ancient city states were Sidon, Tyre, Beirut, and Byblos.

5) How were Phoenician cities organized?
The cities were organized by walls that stood around the city, the streets were very crowded, they were narrow, and buildings were close together.

6) What is the story behind how the Phoenicians got their name?
They Phoenicians got there name from the purple dye that was in great demand. Phoenician means purple and the dye was purple that the dog bit into while Melqart and Tyrus were on a walk. Tyrus said she would mary Melqart unless she had that color gown.

7) What is the Phoenicians most valuable gift to the world?
The Phoenicians most valuable gift to the world was the alphabet.

8) Where was Carthage?  Why was Carthage important?

Carthage was in North Africa on the Mediterranean Sea. Carthage was important because that is were everyone went to trade their goods.

Questions for pg. 92

1) Dynasty: A ruling family
    Spirits: Supernatural beings that live in mountains, rivers, or seas
    Ancestors: Those from whom one is descended or also influenced people's fortunes
    Oracle bones: A flat piece of bone that had questions scratched on them
     Nobles: People of a high rank kingdom

2) Shang's believed they had to please the spirits, if those spirits became unhappy or angry they might suffer are poor harvest or lose a battle. Also, the Shang's believed in ancestors who influenced peoples fortunes. They then would offer their ancestors food, wine, and special prayers. They had rules about how family members should act toward one another.

3) There was a big gap between the pore and rich. Also, they didn't work together so when there was a battle they didn't come together as one.

4) If world leaders could use oracle bones today, they would ask questions with economy, government, and if they need help with anything.

5)

The Book of Dead