Chapter 29 section 3-5

1) Who were the Jesuits?  What did they believe and do as a group?
The Jesuits were members of a Society of Jesus. They would go around to help strengthen peoples faith, set up schools, helped the poor, preached to people, taught in universities, and served as advisors in the royal courts.
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2) How did the Pope and the Catholic Church reclaim Protestant areas?
They told people to use their good deeds instead of paying for their sins, and then they would get into heaven.

3) What did the Council of Trent do?
The Council of Trent discussed reforms and defended Catholic teachings. They met at different times between 1545 and 1563. The ended many practices that had been criticized for hundreds of years, explained the Catholic  doctrine, they were ordered to follow strict rules, and they helped the pope reclaim Protestant areas. 

4) Why did Henry VIII break w/ the Catholic Church?
He broke with the Catholic church because they wouldn't let him divorce his wife so he could get the son he wanted. 

5) Why was Queen Mary called Bloody Mary?
Queen Mary was called Bloody Mary because she insisted that everyone return to the Roman Catholic Church and many protestants refused so they were then burned at stake for heresy. There for many people turned against her.

6) What did Mary Tudor expect the people to do as soon as she become queen?
She expected everyone to return to the Roman Catholic Church. 

7) What was the Church of England like under Elizabeth I?
Elizabeth the first was very poor with her subjects. She worked to set up a church that would appeal to as many as possible. She then declared that the church be Protestant, the monarch would become head of the church. This church would have both Protestant belief and Catholic practice. 

8) Why did Spain do to war with Britain?
Spain went to war with Britain because the differences in religion. 

9) What happened to the Spanish Armada?
It broke after Elizabeth sent English ships to attack them. They then realized the Armada was defeated and only half of it returned home. 

10) What led to civil war in France in 1562?  
The Catholics began to persecute the Huguenots.

Chapter 29 section 1-2

1) Why did Luther come into conflict with the church?
Luther conflicted with the church because he questioned people about their beliefs and telling them they should do things differently so people started accusing him of heresy.

2) What happened to Luther at Worms?
Luther was condemned for heresy

3) What was the Peace of Augsburg?
The peace of Augsburg was a treaty that there could be both Catholic and Lutheran churches in Germany.

4) Why were Lutheran and Reformed Churches called Protestant?
They were called the protestant because they protested against catholic ideas.

Chapter 28 Understanding Main Ideas

1) Scholars studied writings of ancient Greeks and Romans. 

2) Renaissance scholars were called humanists because the believed in the importance of people.

3) The rulers of the italian city states encouraged learning and the development of art by  setting up palace schools, and encouraging scholars, poets, and philosophers.

4) They turned to him because they thought he would help them escape from their problems.

5) France became part of the renaissance because they invaded italy.

6) They all brought famous righters, they all increased trade, it brought a new type of learning and education. The printing press was invented,  playwrights became popular, and  singing a dancing soon became part of daily life. 

7) He became a symbol of power and religious devotion.

8) The wars of roses got there names because the Yorkist symbol was a white rose and the Lancastrian symbol was red rose.

Chapter 28 section 1-4

1)    List the three important city states of Italy.

Florence, Venice, Papal

2) What did Renaissance artists study?

They began to study both Roman and Greek art, the structure of the human body so the could draw it more accurate, and they became interested in perspective or a way of showing objects as they appear in the distance. The experimented with light, color, and shade.

3) Who was Leonardo da Vinci?  What did he paint? What inventions did he draw?

He was an artist and an inventor. He painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. Da Vinci designed the first parachute and made drawings of flying machines and Mechanical diggers.

4)    Who ruled Florence?  What was Florence known for?

The Medici family ruled Florence. Florence was known for being a city of art and learning.

5)    How did Popes during this time act like political rulers?

Popes acted like political rulers by sending representatives to other states and countries, collected taxes, minted money, raised armies, and they fought wars.

6)    How was Venice different than most Renaissance cities?

Venice was built on 117 islands, instead of streets they had canals, and the merchants would trade at the docks.

7)    Why did the doge have little power?

The doge had very little power because they had to obey the council of ten.

8)    Who was Rabelais and what did he believe?

Rabelais was a physician monk, he believed that humans were not tied down by their past and could do whatever they want.

9)    Who developed a printing press in Germany?  How did this change European culture?

Johannes Gutenberg. The printed press changed European culture because, books were becoming more popular, people were leaning to read and think for themselves. New ideas then spread rapidly.

10)What Church reforms did German and Flemish scholars want to make?

They all taught in different languages to teach the bible, they wanted it to change though to help them out they wanted it to be easier to teach.

11)Why did Philip II mistreat Spanish scholars?

He mistreated Spanish scholars because he was so religious that he didn’t trust them so many were burned.

Chapter 28 section 5

1)    What was the War of the Roses?  Who won?

It was a war between two noble families, York and Lancaster and they were fighting for the throne. The Lancaster’s won.

2)    How did Henry VIII change history? 

 He changed the course of history by convincing Parliament to declare him the head of the Church of England.

3)    How was did he encourage the Renaissance in England?

He encouraged art, literature, hunting, and parties. He played many instruments and composed his own music. Nobles and Merchants also began to look to Renaissance Italy for guidance in politics, diplomacy, and behavior.

4)    Who was Queen Elizabeth?

         Queen Elizabeth was the Henry the eighth daughter. She became queen when she was 25. She was well educated and won the loyalty and confidence of her people.

5) What were English theaters like?

The stages stood in open air, most audience members sat under a roof or some sort of covering, people who could not afford a to pay for a seat stood in the pit, or an open area in front of the theater and on the sides of the stage. There were no lights so plays were preformed in

6)    Form what did Shakespeare draw ideas for his plays?

Shakespeare drew ideas for his plays from English and Roman histories.

7)    In a paragraph summarize the effects of the Renaissance on England.

The Renaissance helped the increase of trade and made the England more peaceful and rich. People of the Renaissance enjoyed plays. Shakespeare brought in English playwrights and wrote many of his famous playwrights. Poetry and music soon became part of daily life also, people of all classes enjoyed singing, ballads and folk songs. Many played instruments like violin, guitars, and lutes. 

Chapter 27

England and France became strong nations by raising taxes. The kings power became stronger under Philip the second, he made Paris the center of government, Philip also increased the size of his kingdom by marriage and by winning back the French lands held by the English. Then when Philips grandson came along he made it illegal to use coins that made anywhere else but the royal mint.

1)   It marked the begging national government in France.

2)   Magna Carta took away some of the kings power and gave it to the nobles.

3)   The position of common people in England and France improved as a result in the 100 year war because there was a higher demand for work and less workers.

4)   Otto set up a Christian Roman Empire by removing nobles and made his loyal followers bishops and abbots and gave them government posts.

5)   The moors brought learning and luxury to Spain.

6)   The purpose of Spanish Inquisition was to stop new Christians secretly practicing their old religion.